Behavioral Stress May Increase the Rewarding Valence of Cocaine-Associated Cues Through a Dynorphin/k-Opioid Receptor-Mediated Mechanism without Affecting Associative Learning or Memory Retrieval Mechanisms
INTRODUCTION
In human beings, stress exposure increases cocaine craving
and induces relapse of cocaine use (Sinha et al, 2006), and
in animal models, stressors facilitate cocaine self-administration,
enhance conditioned place preference (CPP), and
reinstate cocaine seeking (Goeders and Guerin, 1994;
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