Developments in the European cannabis market

This paper provides an overview of established and emerging cannabis products in Europe. For each type of product, major issues in its production, distribution, use and effects on health are detailed. In doing so, the paper seeks to inform a discussion of the new challenges that may emerge in the monitoring of these products and the consequences of their use.

Sequential LASER ART and CRISPR Treatments Eliminate HIV-1 in a Subset of Infected Humanized Mice

Elimination of HIV-1 requires clearance and removal of integrated proviral DNA from infected cells and tissues. Here, sequential long-acting slow-effective release antiviral therapy (LASER ART) and CRISPR-Cas9 demonstrate viral clearance in latent infectious reservoirs in HIV-1 infected humanized mice. HIV-1 subgenomic DNA

The positive effect on ketamine as a priming adjuvant in antidepressant treatment

INTRODUCTION Major depression (MD) is a highly incident and prevalent multifactorial disease responsible for great personal and socioeconomic burden.1 Currently used therapeutic regimens have important limitations such as long-time lag for clinical response, induction of resistance or even response failure.

Opioid agonist treatment Guiding principles for legislation and regulations

Foreword In the United States, 12 prosecutors have been tasked with identifying doctors and pharmacists throughout the country who prescribe or dispense medicines containing opioids without any regard as to how they are to be used. At the same time, the uncontrolled use of opioids has caused a new spate of fatalities in North America, which is in the throes of a real public health crisis. Why is the United States undergoing such a crisis? What can Europe do to avoid it?

Informe 2018

La publicación del informe de la Junta Internacional de Fiscalización de Estupefacientes (JIFE) correspondiente a 2018 marca el cincuentenario de la creación de la Junta, de conformidad con la Convención Única de 1961 sobre Estupefacientes1.

The Effects of Low Doses of D-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol on Reinforcement Processing in the Risky Decision-Making of Young Healthy Adults

INTRODUCTION Everyday decision-making is often experienced as an emotionally powerful process (Damasio, 1994). Decisionmakers (choosing between occupational or financial opportunities, opportunities to meet partners etc.)

Risk of Becoming Cocaine Dependent: Epidemiological Estimates for the United States, 2000–2001

INTRODUCTION In this paper, the main aims are to improve estimates for the risk of becoming cocaine dependent in the first months and years after onset of cocaine use, and to study suspected determinants of becoming dependent within 24 months after cocaine use starts.

The Bivalent Rewarding and Aversive properties of Δ9- tetrahydrocannabinol are Mediated Through Dissociable Opioid Receptor Substrates and Neuronal Modulation Mechanisms in Distinct Striatal Sub-Regions

The primary psychoactive compound in cannabis, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is capable of producing bivalent rewarding and aversive affective states through interactions with the mesolimbic system. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the dissociable effects of THC are not currently understood. In the present study, we identify anatomically dissociable effects of THC within the rat nucleus accumbens ...

Gender‑specific substance use patterns and associations with individual, family, peer, and school factors in 15‑year‑old Portuguese adolescents:

Abstract Background: Adolescence is a critical period of vulnerability to substance use. Recent research has shown that gender differences in adolescence substance use are complex and in constant flux. The present study aims to investigate gender differences in substance use and initiation patterns in male and female adolescents, and to assess individual, family, peer, and school associated factors of these patterns.